McGill Library
McLennan Library Building3459 rue McTavish
Montreal, Quebec
H3A 0C9
Masson Collection
Collection
40 cm of textual records
Roderick Mackenzie was born in 1761 in Achiltibuie, Scotland, to Alexander Mackenzie of Achnaclerach and Catherine Mackenzie. Mackenzie moved to Quebec in 1784 and died in 1844 near Terrebonne, Quebec. Mackenzie’s family (brothers, cousins, and in-laws) were all involved in the fur trade, and he worked as a clerk and assistant for his first cousin Alexander Mackenzie. Mackenzie travelled to the northwest and established Fort Chipewyan and set up a library for the employees of the North West Company in Athabasca. While there, he married an unknown Indigenous woman “à la façon du pays” and had three to four children with her. His daughter Nancy, from this marriage, married a fur trader named John George McTavish. Nancy’s biography can be found linked to Mackenzie’s biography in the Dictionary of Canadian Biography, in which describes the typical life and treatment for Indigenous women at the time. Mackenzie served as lieutenant-colonel in the Terrebonne Militia and was appointed with the Legislative Council of Lower Canada. He was also appointed as Justice of the Peace for the “Indian Territories” (now known as south of the Great Lakes between the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers), and later for Montreal, Trois-Rivières, Gaspé, and Saint-François in Quebec. Mackenzie was a commissioner for various construction jobs (primarily of bridges and schools) and was a member of both the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec and the American Antiquarian Society and was a fellow of the Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries at Copenhagen. Mackenzie was accredited with the authorship of the introduction of his cousin Alexander Mackenzie’s book titled Voyages from Montreal, which gives an overall account of the history of the fur trade. He was also a member of the Beaver Club, a dining club for men who had influence in the fur trade.
The collection was inherited by Louis-Rodrigue Masson (1833-1903) from his grandfather-in-law Roderick Mackenzie. Part of the material was acquired by McGill University at the sale of Masson's library in 1904 (19 of 22 available lots of material related to the North West Company, and three additional lots also included in this collection). One item was acquired later as a gift. The rest of the material in the collection was kept in the Masson family until sold to a Montreal-area collector in the 1990s.
The collection consists of documents amassed by Roderick Mackenzie. Among the Masson manuscripts there are other series of letters; as well as journals kept by North-Westers and various business documents. Some of this material exists as originals; others are contemporary copies - the George Keith letters for example are contemporary copies on paper watermarked 1827. The collection also includes some duplicate texts - contemporary copies or later nineteenth-century copies that in some cases represent edited versions of the texts. Samuel Wilcocke's account of the death of Benjamin Frobisher exists in a draft original (or contemporary copy) and in a late nineteenth-century clean copy. Of course Benjamin Frobisher did not die in the dramatic circumstances as recorded by Wilcocke, but peacefully in Quebec City in 1821.
Series 2 purchased from Warren Baker, 2018.
English, with some French.
In 2001, a digital project created transcriptions and digital versions of the Masson Papers (series 1 of the Collection) held at McGill. For these see: Pursuit of Adventure: The Fur Trade in Canada and the North West Company: http://digital.library.mcgill.ca/nwc/
Eleven of the manuscripts in Series 1 were published, often in a heavily edited version, by Masson in two volumes (1889-1890): Les Bourgeois de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest: recits de voyages, lettres et rapports inédits relatifs au Nord-Ouest Canadien.
Includes thirty-eight manuscripts and one printed text